Segmenting the British Sports market Essay Example for Free

Dividing the British Sports showcase Essay Presentation Sport England is the administration organization liable for building the establishments of brandishing achievement, by making a world-driving network sport condition of clubs, mentors, offices and volunteers. They need to make an energetic wearing society working in association with national overseeing bodies, national accomplices, the HE/FE segment, neighborhood government, region sport organizations and network associations. Their center is around three results developing and continuing the quantities of individuals participating in sport and improving ability advancement to assist more with peopling exceed expectations. Five targets which will see us convey these results: 1. Develop  More individuals participating in more game  More youngsters and youngsters partaking in five hours of PE and game seven days These objectives represent 15% of the speculation. 2. Continue  More individuals happy with their donning experience  25% less 16-multi year olds dropping out of at any rate nine games badminton. b-ball, football, hockey, acrobatic, netball, rugby class, rugby association tennis These objectives represent 60% of the venture. 3. Exceed expectations  Improved ability advancement in at any rate 25 games This objective records for 25% of the venture. 4. What accomplishes our work include? We contribute aptitude, assets and both government and Lottery cash into network sport. ?480 million is contributed straightforwardly through 46 national overseeing assortments of game. Also, there are five open subsidizing streams different associations can apply to. We have a legal job in securing playing fields and should be counseled if network playing fields are compromised by likely turns of events. We give an abundance of aptitude and guidance on scope of sports subjects including arranging, offices, training, and chipping in and sports advancement. What's more, we go about as backers for network sport uniting a wide scope of accomplices from nearby and national government, the business division, higher and further training and the third segment to take advantage of their interest in sport. 5. Who accomplish we work with? To succeed, we need to work intimately with a wide scope of associations, including:  Our donning scene accomplices Youth Sport Trust and UK Sport  National overseeing collections of game  National accomplices  Local specialists  County sports organizations  Higher and further instruction  The third part  The business area. London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games and the Olympic Delivery Authority. Questions 1. Utilizing the full range of division factors, depict how Sport England has sectioned the games advertise? So as to comprehend the British people’s mentalities and inspirations about games, Sport England has created 19 donning portions all around the United Kingdom to focus on its clients in the games showcase. In the division procedure Sport England worked intimately with Experian Business Strategies counseling gathering and dissected information of the English individuals matured 18 and more established. Every one of the 19 fragment profiles contains data about how energetic they are, the exercises they appreciate, potential obstructions and inspirations and direction in how to adequately showcase game to each profile. The division depended on Demographic and Geographic factors. This division procedure permitted them to comprehend the top games that individuals need to include themselves in and helped them to distinguish the attributes of their objective gatherings for activities and activities. A case of their fruitful market division strategy is South Gloucestershire Leisure’s reviving of a renovated recreation place in the year 2007. With the assistance of their market division information and information on the most proficient method to market to its clients by distinguishing which exercises individuals are increasingly intrigued by. 1. Game England made a portion profile which recognized the biggest fragments inside a 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-and 10-mile straight line support of the recreation place. 2. The biggest sections were then mapped to show the geographic area of these portions which permitted them to limit the market and spotlight on explicit things like data on ways of life of clients in the Gloucestershire district, the correct network needs of the locale. 3. They distinguished the prevailing portion in each postal code and as needs be delivered advertising material focusing at those sections. 4. They recognized the territories where the number of inhabitants in youngsters were more and focused on it with the correct promoting strategies. Section Name| | Forename| Population| Male| Female| In Million| Competitive Male Urbanites| A01| Ben| 6. 4| 13. 3| 0| 2,521| Sports Team Drinkers| A02| Jamie| 5. 4| 11. 1| 0| 2,127| Fitness Class Friends| A03| Chloe| 6. 9| 0| 13. 4| 2,717| Supportive Singles| A04| Leanne| 4. 7| 0| 9. 1| 1,851| Career Focused Females| B05| Helena| 5| 0| 9. 7| 1,969| Settling Down Males| B06| Tim| 9. 4| 19. 3| 0| 3,702| Stay at Home Mums| B07| Alison| 4. 6| 0| 8. 9| 1,812| Middle England Mums| B08| Jackie| 4| 0| 7. 7| 1,575| Pub League Team Mates| B09| Key| 5. 8| 12| 0| 2,284| Extended Single Mums| B10| Paula| 3. 8| 0| 7. 4| 1,497| Comfortable Mid-Life Males| C11| Philip| 7. 8| 16| 0| 3,072| Empty Nest Career Ladies| C12| Elaine| 5. 3| 0| 10. 2| 2,087| Early Retirement Couples| C13| Roger Joy| 6. 2| 6. 2| 6. 3| 2,442| Older Working Women| C14| Brenda| 4| 0| 7. 6| 1,575| Local ‘Old Boys’| C15| Terry| 3. 4| 7| 0| 1,339| Later Life Ladies| C16| Norma| 2| 0| 3. 6| 788| Comfortable Retired Couples| D17| Ralph Phyllis| 3. 7| 5| 2. 4| 1,457| Twilight Year Gents| D18| Frank| 3. 5| 7. 1| 0| 1,378| Retirement Home Singles| D19| Elise Arnold| 8. 3| 2. 5| 13. 8| 3,269| A 18 multi year olds B 25 45 years C 46 65 years D 65 + 1. 2. Pick a section and portray a battle that could be utilized to support individuals in that fragment to partake in one of the named sports identified with their portion. I picked Segment 5 Helena â€Å"career centered females†. Attributes:  Mainly matured 26-45  Single  Full time proficient  Enjoy exciting and fun living As there are all vocation centered ladies in this portion, they are occupied with their office work during the week and have a bustling timetable. The working ladies likewise experience the ill effects of physical and mental weakness. . Helena likes to keep fit as a fiddle. Following a long working day ladies in this fragment may choose to get a class or a long exercise on the machines In this portion the members in the cycling sport (11%) are less contrasted with swimming (22%) and stay in shape rec center (26%). Game England could support more members in the Cycling sport by sorting out cycling rallies and occasions on the ends of the week. This could likewise assist in giving a social message to the network with respect to wellbeing and condition. 3. Portray the job that Sport England plays in focusing on a fragment. South Gloucestershire Leisure focus is a case of the pretended by Sport England. The organization is empowering an ever increasing number of individuals to partake in sports. Their web instrument strategies and utilizing the media and correspondence stages is being one of the best approaches to focus on a fragment. Game England likewise brings out its objective division through different mediums like Internet, cell phones, papers and magazines. These mediums are utilized by enormous crowd and in this way the item data contacts them without any problem. 4. Pick a game not recorded and select fitting fragments that may take part in it. Clarify why the game may speak to individuals in these portions.  Sport: Yoga  Segments:  Helena-Career Focused Females  Jackie-Middle England Mums  Paula-Stretched Single Mums  Brenda-Older Working Women It has been demonstrated over the ongoing years that Yoga is one of the best exercise sports and aides in staying in shape and loosening up the psyche. As Yoga is for the most part a female situated game, it could be utilized to focus on the women in the above portions. There can be every day or end of the week yoga meetings organized the sections as per their accessibility. With respect to the vocation centered women this would be the best type of activity as it would loosen up them both intellectually and truly. It is one sort of activity which would speak to all the age gatherings of ladies and inspire them to partake in it. 5. Quickly diagram an advertising effort for your picked sport. 1. We will begin an advertising effort that centers around the advantages of Yoga:  Yoga can help fix a sleeping disorder, as its ordinary yoga practice prompts better and more profound rest. Yoga can assist battle with fatigueing and keep up your vitality for the duration of the day.  A ordinary yoga practice helps support cell reinforcements all through your body, bringing about a more grounded insusceptible framework and improved capacity to recuperate rapidly from ailment or injury.  Yoga can assist you with getting in shape and keep up a solid load for a mind-blowing duration. Force yoga is an amazing type of cardio molding, which fortifies center muscles while it keeps blood and oxygen coursing all through your body. 2. We will utilize the fitting promoting devices to arrive at our objective clients and convey the essential message.

451 Essay

In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury passes on a huge message through the differentiating tones he uses to depict Clarisse and Mildred. Bradbury utilizes a respectful, conscious tone to portray Clarisse, when Guy Montag sees her without precedent for the road as he strolls home from work (3). The expression â€Å"slender† and â€Å"milk-white† depicts that Clarisse is youthful and guiltless. These words make this inclination since one would typically relate slimness and a reasonable appearance with youth. The representation utilized in â€Å"gentle hunger† and â€Å"tireless curiosity† uncover the way that Clarisse is curious to the peruser. The utilization of â€Å"gentle† and â€Å"tireless† permit the peruser to see that Clarisse has a long for information. The symbolism â€Å"sliding walk† and â€Å"dress was white† makes a picture of Clarisse’s aura and outward presentation in the reader’s mind. Utilizing these words likewise gives the peruser the feeling that Clarisse is unadulterated, similar to a heavenly attendant, in light of the fact that a sliding walk and white articles of clothing are related with blessed messengers. Bradbury’s lauding and constructive tone shows that he firmly relates to her character. Rather than the tone he utilizes while depicting Clarisse, Bradbury utilizes a dull, dreary tone to discuss Mildred when Guy Montag considers her to be he strolls into their room not long after his experience with Clarisse (11). The allegory â€Å"felt no rain† and â€Å"felt no shadow† thinks about downpour and shadow to the emotions that Mildred doesn't feel. With this illustration, Bradbury uncovers to the peruser that Mildred is emotionless, cruel. The style â€Å"tamped-shut ears† and â€Å"ears all glass† recommends to the peruser that Mildred is negligent of her environmental factors. These words make the impact that Mildred doesn't see and hear what is going around before her. The likeness â€Å"like a snow-shrouded island† analyzes Mildred’s face to a snow-shrouded island. This likeness leaves the peruser with the feeling that Mildred’s face is pale, practically dormant. Bradbury’s unconcerned, negative tone shows that he doesn't favor of Mildred’s absence and dormancy. Bradbury utilizes a respecting, awed tone to portray Clarisse when Guy Montag is recalling his experience with Clarisse (8). The metaphor â€Å"face like the dial of a little clock† contrasts Clarisse’s face and the dial of a little clock. Bradbury proceeds to portray the clock as the sort emitting light in the murkiness in the night. This examination passes on the possibility that Clarisse speaks to great right off the bat in the book. The comparison â€Å"how like a mirror as well, her face† stresses the way that Clarisse’s mien as a rule makes Montag consider his activities, considerations, and words. Bradbury is attempting to transfer the message that Clarisse has the kind of character that causes others to think about themselves. The comparison â€Å"like the anxious watcher of a puppet show† thinks about Clarisse to an energetic watcher of a doll appear through a metaphor. This likeness exhibits how keen Clarisse is. Bradbury’s tone of mistrust and stunningness shows his esteem of Clarisse’s character. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury utilizes differentiating tones towards Clarisse and Mildred so as to pass on his assessment that one ought not aimlessly the convictions that are introduced to them. Bradbury unequivocally accepts that we ought to continually scrutinize our general surroundings. 451 Essay In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury passes on a critical message through the differentiating tones he uses to depict Clarisse and Mildred. Bradbury utilizes a respectful, conscious tone to depict Clarisse, when Guy Montag sees her without precedent for the road as he strolls home from work (3). The phrasing â€Å"slender† and â€Å"milk-white† depicts that Clarisse is youthful and honest. These words make this inclination since one would regularly relate slimness and a reasonable appearance with youth. The exemplification utilized in â€Å"gentle hunger† and â€Å"tireless curiosity† uncover the way that Clarisse is curious to the peruser. The utilization of â€Å"gentle† and â€Å"tireless† permit the peruser to see that Clarisse has a yearn for information. The symbolism â€Å"sliding walk† and â€Å"dress was white† makes a picture of Clarisse’s manner and outward presentation in the reader’s mind. Utilizing these words likewise gives the peruser the feeling that Clarisse is unadulterated, similar to a holy messenger, in light of the fact that a sliding walk and white pieces of clothing are related with holy messengers. Bradbury’s lauding and constructive tone shows that he emphatically relates to her character. As opposed to the tone he utilizes while depicting Clarisse, Bradbury utilizes a dull, repetitive tone to discuss Mildred when Guy Montag considers her to be he strolls into their room soon after his experience with Clarisse (11). The illustration â€Å"felt no rain† and â€Å"felt no shadow† thinks about downpour and shadow to the sentiments that Mildred doesn't feel. With this allegory, Bradbury uncovers to the peruser that Mildred is aloof, brutal. The word usage â€Å"tamped-shut ears† and â€Å"ears all glass† recommends to the peruser that Mildred is unaware of her environmental factors. These words make the impact that Mildred doesn't see and hear what is going around before her. The metaphor â€Å"like a snow-shrouded island† analyzes Mildred’s face to a snow-shrouded island. This likeness leaves the peruser with the feeling that Mildred’s face is pale, practically dormant. Bradbury’s unresponsive, negative tone shows that he doesn't endorse of Mildred’s mindlessness and inertia. Bradbury utilizes a respecting, awed tone to portray Clarisse when Guy Montag is recollecting his experience with Clarisse (8). The metaphor â€Å"face like the dial of a little clock† contrasts Clarisse’s face and the dial of a little clock. Bradbury proceeds to depict the clock as the sort radiating light in the dimness in the night. This examination passes on the possibility that Clarisse speaks to great right off the bat in the book. The likeness â€Å"how like a mirror as well, her face† underscores the way that Clarisse’s mien as a rule makes Montag ponder his activities, considerations, and words. Bradbury is attempting to transfer the message that Clarisse has the sort of character that causes others to think about themselves. The comparison â€Å"like the energetic watcher of a doll show† analyzes Clarisse to an excited watcher of a puppet appear through a metaphor. This comparison exhibits how keen Clarisse is. Bradbury’s tone of incredulity and wonder shows his adoration of Clarisse’s character. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury utilizes differentiating tones towards Clarisse and Mildred so as to pass on his supposition that one ought not aimlessly the convictions that are introduced to them. Bradbury emphatically accepts that we ought to continually scrutinize our general surroundings.

Product Design and Decision Making Tools Essays

Marketing & Entrepreneurship Of Optus †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Marketing Entrepreneurship Of Optus. Answer: Organization foundation Optus is viewed as the second biggest media transmission organization of Australia which has its head quarters in Sydney. Optus is claimed altogether by Singtel Group, which is viewed as Asias driving Communications Company and Optus is a significant supporter of the income of the organization. Optus is a well known brand in Australia and its span is all over the place. So as to offer administrations to the clients the organization claims arrange framework, alongside that discount administrations of theNational Broadband Networkas well asTelstra is likewise utilized by Optus to convey services(Wright and Snook 2016). Optus doesn't just give correspondence system to the end clients there are different organizations like ExetelandAmaysim to which Optus fills in as a distributer. Optus is the biggest satellite distributer in Australia it offers satellite types of assistance and is engaged with assembling 4G mobiles too. Alongside media transmission an auxiliary of the organization is yes brand which gives broadband and remote internet providers too (optus.com.au 2017). The organization positions itself as a substance that empowers and advances speculation and development, with the wide exhibit of items and administrations and joint effort with a plenty of coordinated efforts it demonstrates that it bolsters and advances maintainability and improvement of the general public Product and administrations of Optus: Media transmission: Owned by correspondence goliath SingTel the media transmission is the essential assistance that Optus offers the Australian people group. It offers worthwhile arrangements and offers for the clients all the time. Web broadband and remote administrations: Recent expansion to the association id the 4G arrange which permits overly quick web association. The organization gives the shoppers in offers and arrangements in broadband and furthermore in remote assistance for local or business reason. Web based business: Optus has a web based business website also which is exceptionally bright and clear. The UI is simple and there are a few cell phones that are accessible with limits and offers alongside the reciprocal network administrations. In the site there are a few pack choices for information arrange, tablet plans, pre-booking of a few new Smartphone choice is additionally accessible in the Optus site (optus.com.au 2017). Discount administration: The satellite assistance is a discount business giving availability to a few different stages. The media transmission foundation is additionally imparted to different organizations to give back up to the organizations who need framework of their own. Optus Sport channel: This is another contribution of the organization for the games darlings with the goal that they can appreciate sports anytime of time utilizing any cell phones (Wright and Snook 2016). References: optus.com.au. 2017.Home page. [online] Available at: https://www.optus.com.au/[Accessed 21 Sep. 2017]. Wright, T. what's more, Snook, C.J., 2016.Digital Sense: The Common Sense Approach to Effectively Blending Social Business Strategy, Marketing Technology, and Customer Experience. John Wiley Sons.

Use Of Alcohol By Adolescents Health And Social Care Essay

This papers essentially contains within informations of the intoxicant utilization among the adults and it other than contains the social, moral, prudent aspects of intoxicant use by the underage childs. It talks about in thing various plans to order intoxicant utilization among fledglings and it other than the conceivable positive and negative consequences of the plan received. Moreover It talks about the composite plan for intoxicant control.Rearing habits and utilization of intoxicant by the striplingsThe family units of around four 1000 of under 18 mature ages old children were joined into four gatherings ( of which two gatherings were progressively significant, one was liberal, other was negligent ) .These gatherings were defined on the balance of the children assessments of their folks in two kinds: acknowledgment/contribution and severity/management. The childs were so apportioned into following arrangements of outcomes: psychosocial headway, disguised hurt, school accomplishm ent and employment open introduction. Results propose that kids who consider their folks as a greater amount of undemocratic ( significant ) are acceptable in psychosocial competency and most noticeably awful in mental and social disfunction ; the completely inverse is the case for kids who acknowledge their folks as heedless. Young people whose guardians are described as dictatorial are progressively accommodating and increasingly loyal yet have relatively less self-originations as correlation with different childs. Be that as it may, kids from liberal spots have more affirmation however have a higher frequence of substance misuse, have awful conduct and are less occupied with school. ( sussie D.Lamborn, 1991 ) The nexus between raising way and children intoxicant and different alcohols use, implies intoxicant and baccy utilization, was seen simultaneously ( at age 14 ) for licit medication use and longitudinally ( from age 14 to 17 ) for both licit and unlawful medication use in a gathering of 347 youngster who were tried from schools in Reykjavik, Iceland. Results checked that kids who are of the position that their folks are a greater amount of control of them had the option to originate before intoxicant and were shielded from intoxicant than the children who think about their folks as absentminded. ( Sugrun Adalbjarnardottir, 2001 )Disadvantages of intoxicant utilization by adolescentsThe maladies that could go on because of intoxicants are pancreatic, liver damage, and real contracting, certain harmful neoplastic infections of the encephalon. There are other than various short-run dangers are related with the use of intoxicant among young people yet the experts are worried about fresh ascent in youthful intoxicant abuse and the conceivable pessimistic health impacts. Orchestrating to depict gave by the British clinical affiliation entitled â€Å" Alcohol and Young individuals † there was a continuous expansion among the11 to 15 mature ages old children who drink liquor everyday, except there is an expansion in the whole they are soaking up on each juncture.Effectss on encephalon developmentResearch laborers other than accept that during the juvenile age natural structure goes through significant changes. It is a clasp when youthful individuals begin to connect them more with companions and leave their youth contacts past. They need to set them in the cultural condition. Presenting the encephalon to liquor during this period may set an impediment to of import systems of encephalon improvement can do subjective damage or more remote soaking up. Progressively intoxicant at one clasp could do in an affliction emesis, reeling, double vision, and a sentiment of the room turning. Orchestrating to one examination gave by US specialists, named Prevention Alert and youthful intoxicant abuse demonstrated numerous disservices â€Å" Subtle liquor actuated youngster securing harms could harm word related and scholastic headway. In one study, momentary memory achievements were assessed in those youngsters who utilize intoxicant and who do non between the ages of 15 and 16. Those childs who were in more prominent utilization of intoxicant were suffering from memory occupations. ( Adolescent Drug Abuse ) . Numerous surveies featured that memory employments were generally basic among substantial clients of intoxicant. There are other demolishing impacts for fledglings who get bringing down using intoxicant in the early age. It is discovered that the individuals who utilize intoxicant younger than 15 have more chances of going again the client of intoxicant in ulterior part of their life. Aside from the way that minor assimilating is against the statute, it represents an incredible risk to both the general public and single. We will talk a portion of the impacts of juvenile intoxicant maltreatment.Accidents due to AlcoholMost of the examination shows that pace of genuine mishaps because of liquor drivers who matured 15 to twenty is double the rate by intoxicant included drivers old enough 20 one and more established ( Adolescent Drug Abuse )SuicideAlcohol typically causes accentuation and misery, which at last causes implosion. In one investigation, it was referenced that 30 seven percent of eighth grade misss who drank in large total attempted implosion, contrasted and 11 percent who did non take intoxicant.Immoral activitiesIn one examination around 10 percent of female secondary school, understudies announced holding been assaulted. Research proposes that intoxicant utilization to a great extent increment the chances of rape by a male. ( Adolescent Drug Abuse )When Alcohol guzzling does happenMost of the fledglings, that were talked with, were of the position that soaking up happens the majority of the clasp of misery, uneasiness or to be made them socially adequate. It has other than been seen that fledglings were other than associated with substantial assimilating because of simple dish of intoxicant.Social change theoriesMany hypotheses have been introduced to shield youngsters from using liquor a portion of the cultural speculations are examined here:Social procurement theoryThis hypothesis recommends a crew assault for bar against alcohal among people, networks and families. Cooperative efforts a basic capacity in learning children to originate before the utilization of intoxicant ( E M Johnson ) .Development theoryYoung people are given confidence and are spurred to achieve something in their single network works so they are roused to achieve something for representation as a rugger member etcBehaviour theoryIt concentrates more on single and caused them to perceive that cultural standards are extremely of import and activate them to originate before the use of intoxicant. ( E M Johnson )Social advancement theoryIn this hypothesis, constructive cultural projects are made which spur people to originate before utilization of intoxicant. ( E M Johnson )Health conduct theoryHealth conduct hypothesis is the dependent on an individual ‘s Behavior for bar methodologies.. ( E M Johnson )Cognitive contradiction theoryThis hypothesis proposes verbal mediation to set up or quality convictions and mentalities, helping juvenile individual to maintain a strategic distance from imbibingHow therapists can help to better the activity of intoxic ant utilization among adolescentA analyst can help the person in increasing its thought process to originate before soaking up A therapist can deal with by estimating the sort and disagreeableness of intoxicant employments. This evaluation can flexibly usher to the consumer about what mediation to follow and help to incite the consumer to obtain intercession. Clinicians built up a figure of treatments, some of which are persuasive improving hypothesis and subjective conduct header hypothesis. These mediations give 12 Step help assaults that help those suffering liquor related occupations in using self-treatment plans, for example, Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) . These treatement can flexibly help to uplift their resolution and steer them to end soaking up, place fortunes that pushes single to get down assimilating, ingest new strategies to show signs of improvement of amazingly unsafe intoxicant measurements, and create cultural emotionally supportive networks inside their cultural condition. A portion of the intellectual social investigation found that 50 eight percent of patients having subjective conduct intercession were obviously better than different gatherings. Projects, for example, Alcoholic Anonymous enormously expanded members ‘ will of ending them from intoxicant. Generally people using intoxicant experience the ill effects of other mental health conditions, for example, horrendous wretchedness and tension. Therapists can gracefully insight to those patients who are suffering from such kind of sicknesses. ( Patrick ) Clinicians can other than gracefully gathering and family treatments, which much of the time are useful for set uping individual to-individual connections and for maintain trip sources of income of soaking up over the significant stretch. Family connections present more noteworthy effect on assimilating conduct, for representation, a child may influence in soaking up because of indiscreet demeanor of guardians. The analyst can help the consumer and others to experience effectively through these perplexing stages, help families to comprehend employment of assimilating and larn how to help family individuals in recuperation, and to look for help from inner self guide gatherings. ( Prilleltensky.Isaac ) Since an individual may come back to guzzling wont, it very well may be essential to hold a definite analyst. In the event that the consumer can't choose intoxicant occupations without limit, an analyst can help him with cut bringing down intoxicant use and limiting employments. Analysts can other than notice a person to self improvement gatherings. Much after proper mediation terminals, numerous individuals keep on looking for help from such gatherings. Liquor related surprises seriously amendss working of various natural structure parts like liver, chest and so on. Be that as it may, the odds for fruitful since quite a while ago run work arrangement are useful for individuals who look for help from suitable beginnings. ( American Psychologists Association, 2012 )How the financial specialists improve the activity of intoxicant usageEconomicss ever contribute imperatively to the arrangement of intoxicant strategy. It works by indicating and contrasting expenses and advantages of intoxicant ingestion and related approach mediations, including extract income enha

Research Paper on Artificial Intelligence vs Films

You life revolves around writing machine learning codes, wiring robotic arms, and neural networks theory. You decide to take up artificial intelligence as your majors. It’s now time for you to write a research paper on artificial intelligence. But inspiration does not come knocking at your door. You feel like the strong gravitational forces of a black hole are making you plunge deeper into nothingness. Quite idealess, you stare blankly at the ceiling. Well, now you can either just wait for an epiphany to dawn upon you or move your lousy self to get up and watch these brilliant sci-fi movies on artificial intelligence and draw the much needed inspiration. 1. Ex Machina (2015) The movie tells the mindboggling story of Caleb, a computer programmer for the world’s most popular search engine known as â€Å"Blue Book†. He unexpectedly wins a lottery at his workplace to spend some time with his reclusive boss, Nathan, who confides in Caleb that he has developed a prototype humanoid (Ava) and wants to determine the complete functionality of Ava. For the neural science fanatics, the long Turing Test performed on the humanoid along with the incisiveness and consciousness (with emotions) of the robot will definitely flood your brain with inspirations for the research paper. 2. Transcendence (2014) Without doubt, the success of true artificial intelligence will be one of the biggest events in the history of mankind. The film, Transcendence, looks into the implications of artificial intelligence. Will Caster, a brilliant AI scientist, is accused of creating â€Å"a new God†, a sentient computer that transcends all boundaries between mankind and machine. Will dies in a terrorist attack yet his consciousness survives (just like saving a video in a hard drive). Now residing in the banks of computers, the digitized Will is not pleased to be living in a single server. Despite the fact that you love neural science so much, you still wouldn’t want it to sound the siren of doomsday, would you? Perhaps you can take inspiration from the movie and review how to overcome the challenges of artificial intelligence in your research paper. 3. Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) Writing a research paper on how the robots can â€Å"self evolve† and develop intelligence? Well, here’s a hit Marvel’s movie that you can watch – Avengers: Age of Ultron. Another film that brings forth the idea of sinister automation that starts â€Å"thinking on its own† and becomes more menacing. Initially designed by Tony Stark as an artificial intelligence system for a peacekeeping mission, the robot gets out of control, hell bent on the extinction of human race. Who knows, after watching the movie, you might hit upon just the thing required for your research on robots developing idiosyncratic behavior? 4. Chappie (2015) Chappie is another great movie to watch if you are working on a research paper on how artificial intelligence can affect our future. This is a great movie to watch to answer philosophical conundrums about life, artificial intelligence, and what the implications of teaching morals to a robot are. 5. I, Robot (2005) Suffering from a writer’s block while researching on robotic ethics? I, Robot might bring some ideas to mind. The dystopian movie will take you into 2035, where a technophobic, paranoid police officer does not believe that the robots, a common household utility, are trustworthy. The movie will help you deal with robotic ethics, deception and liability. 6. Big Hero 6 (2014) A robotic prodigy, Disney’s Big Hero 6 certainly opens the realms the possibility that robots can be programmed to play a major role in healthcare. Can robots really qualify to become healthcare professionals? Will â€Å"soft robots† be a part of our future? Maybe you can take inspiration from this witty and heartwarming plot of the animated sci-fi film. Artificial intelligence has long been a favorite genre of Hollywood. Will artificial intelligence become something to be feared greatly as more and more movies keep projecting the idea, or step up as the ultimate savior of mankind? Only time will tell, but in the meanwhile, you might want to start working on your research paper.

How to Memorize Times Tables Using Multiplication Games

Learning times tables or multiplication facts is more effective when you make the learning process fun. Fortunately, there are a variety of games for children that require very little effort to play that will help them learn the rules of multiplication and commit them to memory. Multiplication Snap Card Game An easy way to practice times tables at home, the multiplication snap card game requires only an ordinary deck of playing cards. Remove the face cards from the deck.Shuffle the remaining cards.Distribute the cards between two players.Each player keeps their pile of cards face-down.At the same time, each player turns over a card.The first player to multiply the two numbers together and state the answer is the winner and takes the cards.The first player to collect all of the cards or the most cards in a specific amount of time is declared the winner. This game should only be played with children who have a good grasp of their multiplication tables. Random facts are only helpful if a child has already mastered the twos, fives, 10s, and squares (two-by-two, three-by-three, four-by-four, five-by-five, etc.) times tables. If not, it is important to modify the game. To do this, concentrate on a single fact family or squares. In this case, one child turns over a card and it is always multiplied by four, or whichever times tables are currently being worked on. For working on the squares, each time a card is turned over, the child that multiplies it by the same number wins. When playing the modified version, the players take turns revealing a card, as only one card is needed. For instance, if a four is turned over, the first child to say 16 wins; if a five is turned over, the first to say 25 wins. Two Hands Multiplication Game This is another two-player game that requires nothing but a method to keep score. It is a bit like rock-paper-scissors as each child says three, two, one, and then they hold up one or both hands to represent a number. The first child to multiply the two numbers together and say it out loud gets a point. The first child to 20 points (or any number agreed upon) wins the game. This particular game is also a great game for playing in the car. Paper Plate Multiplication Facts Take 10 or 12 paper plates and print one number on each plate. Give each child a set of paper plates. Each child takes a turn holding up two plates, and if their partner responds with the correct answer within five seconds, they earn a point. Then its that childs turn to hold up two plates and the other childs chance to multiply the numbers. Consider  awarding small pieces of candy for this game as it provides some incentive. A point system can also be used, and the first person to 15 or 25 points wins. Roll the Dice Game Using dice to commit the multiplication facts to memory is similar to the multiplication snap and paper plate games. Players take turns rolling two dice and the first one to multiply the number rolled by a given number wins a point. Establish the number that the dice will be multiplied by. For instance, if you are working on the nine times table, each time the dice are rolled, the number is multiplied by nine. If children are working on squares, each time the dice are rolled, the number rolled is multiplied by itself. A variation of this game is for one child to roll the dice after the other child specifies the number used to multiply the roll. This allows each child to play an active part in the game.

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Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1112 Words

Davin Wilhelm Mrs. Walker HN English IV 4/22/15 Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley about the struggles of a successful scientist, Victor Frankenstein, who creates a ludicrous but sentimental creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment. In this great expedition, Shelley expresses many matters ranging from the emotional makeup of each character and their own unique psychological conditions. This story also conveys, in many ways, how identity is imperative and the significance of each individual’s identity in comparison to the story, which includes Victor’s, the creatures’, and the impactful cottagers’. Identity is based on any†¦show more content†¦A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. No father could claim in gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs. His excesses eventually destroy him from the inside out. Ultimately Victor represents the part of the mind that is governed by the natural impulses of maddness. He is identified by his narcissistic nature and his unforgettable decisions. As for the creature it becomes clear that he is not a monster but a human being who has just recently progressed through stages of development equivalent to those of an infant. Upon birth he is very aware and soon he begins to develop senses and finds wonder and amazement in the new world around him. When the monster describes himself, its all sunshine and light. He has visions of other creatures keeping him company ; he sees some characters as superior beings (12.17); he describes himself as having good dispositions.† However, besides the amazement and overall effect of the new world, the Creature is confronted with the flaw of hideousness. Victor describes his own making by, â€Å"His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast

Similarities and Differences Between Romeo and Juliet and...

1. How does civilization breakdown as time passes in RJ and LOTF? †¢ Montague and Capulet families have been bitter enemies for generations. †¢ Bitter hate even extend to the families’ servants who open the play fighting in the streets. †¢ Arguments end up in fights resulting in murder, followed by revenge and more murder – Tybalt kills Mercutio, Romeo kills Tybalt despite knowing that Tybalt is his new wife’s cousin. †¢ Juliet finds out that Romeo kills her cousin, but tolerates it. †¢ Juliet would rather die than marry Paris †¢ Romeo kills Paris †¢ Double Suicides – First Romeo, then Juliet after she wakes up †¢ No Parents are around for maturity and authority after the children arrive at the island †¢ Jack goes from hesitating to kill a pig†¦show more content†¦His gang grows more violent as they hunt more †¢ When Simon was coming back after his illusions with the â€Å"Lord of the Flies†, he is viciously attacked for being mistaken as the â€Å"beast† and is killed as a result †¢ At the end of the novel, Ralph was being hunted and was to be killed by Jack’s gang 5. Justice is weaker than hate in RJ and LOTF †¢ Because of the public feud between the two families, Romeo and Juliet has to keep their love and marriage secret †¢ Tybalt’s murder by Romeo is tolerated by Juliet †¢ Both lovers committed suicide for each other †¢ Ralph wanted to build more shelters and signal fires, but Jack disagreed and wanted to hunt †¢ Ralph, Piggy, and Simon wanted peace and cooperation, but Jack and his gang wanted violence †¢ Piggy and Simon died tragically, and Ralph was about to be killed as well 6. The quest for a good society is lost in RJ and LOTF †¢ Montague and Capulet families have been bitter enemies for generations. †¢ Families hate for one another even extended down to their servants and their friends. †¢ Each lovers’ parents were bitter and unforgiving which they did not hide from their children. †¢ Murder, Revenge, more murder, and suicide developed †¢ It finally took the deaths of their children to get the Montagues and Capulets to stop fighting. This is a great cost. †¢ Without parents, which means noShow MoreRelatedSimilarities And Differences Between Lord Of The Flies And Romeo And Juliet752 Words   |  4 Pagesbooks Lord of the Flies and Romeo and Juliet. These two books shared similar conflicts within their plots. Both of the books had an emotional aspect that had caused the conflicts within the story and shows that it’s valid that making decisions based on your emotions leads to negative outcomes. In Lord of the Flies, there are two characters that control two different tribes towards the end of the book. Ralph and Jack both have two different point of views on things. Through Lord of the Flies, JackRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay2269 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In Romeo and Juliet, the characters of both Juliet and her father, Lord Capulet, and their relationship is very much affected by not only the way in which each character conducts themselves, but also by prominent views of the public, such as the role of women in society and patriarchy. Through their relationship, Shakespeare explores many emotions, and allows himself to develop and change their relationship throughout the playRead MoreJuliets Change Throughout William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1611 Words   |  7 PagesJuliets Change Throughout William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In every love story there has to be a heroine, two people falling in love, obstacles and a happy or tragic ending. Romeo and Juliet is a play which has all these ingredients. This story has similarities to Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. Both are love stories, but Romeo Juliet fall in love at first sight, whereas Jane Eyre and Mr Rochester grow to love each other as time passes. There are obstacles thatRead MoreHow To Write Literary Analysis4174 Words   |  17 Pagesmind: Is this a topic you can adequately address within the word or page limit you’ve been given? Conversely, is this a topic big enough to fill the required length? Good Questions â€Å"Are Romeo and Juliet’s parents responsible for the deaths of their children?† â€Å"Why do pigs keep showing up in Lord of the Flies?† â€Å"Are Dr. Frankenstein and his monster alike? How?† Bad Questions â€Å"What happens to Scout in To Kill a Mockingbird?† â€Å"What do the other characters in Julius Caesar think about Caesar?† Read MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 Pagesused in the text. Remember that the reservation price of a consumer is that price where he is just indiï ¬â‚¬erent between renting or not renting the apartment. At any price below the reservation price the consumer will demand one apartment, at any price above the reservation price the consumer will demand zero apartments, and exactly at the reservation price the consumer will be indiï ¬â‚¬erent between having zero or one apartment. You should also observe that when demand curves have the â€Å"staircase† shape usedRead MoreLanguage of Advertising20371 Words   |  82 Pageswe also know the TV version of this, placed between the programs on certain channels. It is undoubtedly true that advertisements are texts that do their best to get our attention, to make us turn towards them. Ad-phenomenon is extremely multifaceted and multidimensional. Therefore it is not surprising that there is a considerable variety of interpretations of the concepts and definitions of the term. Advertising occupies a border position between the various professional fields and attractsRead MoreShes Dating the Gangster149221 Words   |  597 Pagesniya. ATHENA! HINTAYIN MO AKO SA BACK GATE PAGTAPOS NG CLASS NATIN! without looking at me he said that. Then he waved. I m pretty sure they all heard him!! OMGSH! What do I do His groupies might kill me! Baka balatan nila ako ng buhay! LORD HELP ME! Habang paakyat ako ng stairs, naririnig kong ako yung pinag uusapan nila. Omg!! Narinig mo ba yung kanina? Nag-papaantay si Kenji sa kanya.. I know! Pero bakit naman siya? I mean.. pano na lang si Abigail? OMG!! NARINIG NIYO

Online Dating Essay - 722 Words

A few years ago, I was given my first computer and was introduced to the World Wide Web, and America Online (AOL) chat rooms. It never occurred to me that I would meet someone online that I would consider being in a relationship with, nor talk to more than a few times. I thought wrong. In todays society where almost anything and everything is done online, online dating is not an uncommon or taboo thing to do anymore. There are numerous websites with billions of subscribers, who pay up to forty dollars a month, looking for their perfect matches. A few for examples would be: Match.com, Eharmony.com, FaceTheJury.com, Yahoo Personals, chat rooms, and the list continues. These websites let people create detailed profiles about themselves†¦show more content†¦After I knew I could trust him I wanted to extend or relationship from the computer so, we started talking on the phone and sending regular mail, or quot;snail mailquot;, to each other. When it comes to taking the relationship offline and in person, there is always in issue with safety. It is important to find out as much as you can about that person to be sure they are whom they say they are, and pose no danger to you. If the person is reluctant to let you get to know their friends or others close to th em, they may be suspicious. If you find that the person is not being truthful, it is best to limit contact with them and move on to someone new. There have been stories on the news about young girls meeting privately with friends they met online, who turn out to be older men or someone they were not expecting. These young girls end up being raped, kidnapped, or murdered. This happens rarely, but enough to make it an issue. Recently a movie was made in order to spread awareness about how dangerous meeting someone online can be. The story entails a young girl who was murdered by a man she met online, and a team of detectives who create a similar scenario, by posing as a young girl, in order to capture the man when they arranged a meeting. Obviously all cases do not end up badly. The popular movie quot;Youve Got Mailquot; features a couple that knew each other in person, butShow MoreRelatedOnline Dating Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesOnline Dating Some people today feel they cannot meet someone in their everyday lives so they turn to the internet to find a prospective partner, people us the internet as a way of meeting new people Online dating has become the new way of finding your soul mate The internet has made dating more convenient you no longer to have to go out to a bar and spend money trying to impress or you really don’t have, for people who are shy this is the perfect way to screen a potential in the privacy. I thoughtRead MoreWhy Are Online Dating Websites?1407 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many different online dating websites, so how would you know how to pick the right one. One of the more popular companies is called eHarmony that started in 2000, research by Gupta, Murtha, and Patel supports, under the premise that it matched couples scientifically on 29 dimensions of compatibility. Unlike other dating sites, eHarmony focuses specifically on creating lifelong matches and has marketed the company accordin gly. Originally, eHarmony was based on strong Christian principlesRead MoreOnline Dating And The Internet Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagesthe internet offer online dating or match making services. Despite being a relatively young industry, online dating has already become one of the most profitable types of business found on the internet. Online dating services now attract millions of users every day, and the industry is making hundreds of millions of dollars each year. Online dating provides an efficient way for people to meet with partners and to get to know them through e-mails and chats. Of the many online dating sites, PlentyofFishRead MoreThe Donts of Online Dating1236 Words   |  5 Pagesher head down and fast and shaking leaves the road. Could this ever happen with an online dating site? Absolutely not; online dating is increasing; according to ABC news article, an estimated 40 million Americans use online dating services in the hope to meet â€Å"The one†. There are more than 1,400 web sites in the $700 million a year business. But, are they safe and truthful as they say on their profile? Online dating is dangerous because gives an opportunity to sexual predators to hide behind fakeRead MoreThe Problem Of Online Dating Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThere’s no question that dating 40 years ago was much different than dating now. While back then we actually had to go out and meet somebody to be seen, now, with the click of a button, our entire lives can instantly go public. Social media has created this labeling phenomenon in which individuals ca n categorize another based on a certain trait. Take online dating, for example. We set up a profile that includes hobbies, interests, places lived, and even sometimes body shape. But the most importantRead MoreOnline Dating : An Ideal Type Of Dating849 Words   |  4 PagesOnline dating is a fairly common occurrence in our society. Beginning with chatrooms in the early 90’s and expanding to mobile dating apps such as tinder and grinder (Kennedy, 2010), online dating has become an institutionalized part of romantic encounters in our society (Kennedy, 2010). Early 2000’s television and film such as â€Å"You’ve Got Mail†, and â€Å"Sex in the City† show case the increased popularity of online dating during the time, and by looking at the variety of online dating websites andRead MoreOnline Dating Vs. Internet Dating1574 Words   |  7 Pagesto understand married people going frequenting online dating sites. I now realize after Googling married peo ple online dating that married people using online dating services is not only a very common practice, there appear to be online dating service that target married people looking for a date or more. Many married people are finding the temptation of online dating irritable. On e website is stating that 150,000 married people join online dating sites each month and these sites are doing thereRead MoreWhat Are Online Dating?1300 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is online dating? How can you be sure that the person on the other side of the computer is telling the truth about their everyday life? Sometimes we see someone online and even though they meet everything we are looking for, they might not always turn out to be who they really are. I believe that online dating is not a good way to meet someone simply because of the amount of times people lie about their profile. This has become a reoccurring problem with online dating. They made a show calledRead MoreEffects of Online Dating on Socie ty 1875 Words   |  8 Pagespeople and dating be any different? A concept of meeting people without the face to face interaction is something that is more than appealing to a large group of people. While this concept is not new and has been around for years, it has had a dramatic increase over the past few years. According to a study done by Patti M. Valkenburg and Jochen Peter the number of dating sites has increased by 17% in the past two years and about 37% of single Americans that use the internet have gone to a dating site (ValkenburgRead MoreThe Problem Of Online Dating997 Words   |  4 Pagesthere has never been a time with more options, many fueled by modern technology. Internet dating is an option that works extremely well for busy singles. Simply crerating a online p4rofile on a dating site gives busy singles the ability to screen hundreds of potential matches that could very well be The One. However, it s often the processes that appear easiest that have the most hid dlen loopholes. Online dating requires skill, caution and doing things just the right way. There are a number of tips

Expanded Direct Admission Scheme in Singapore- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theExpanded Direct Admission Scheme in Singapore. Answer: Introduction One of the best systems that exist in Singapore is their education system. It is ranking as the best in the world. One of the recent changes the system is the introduction of Direct Admission Scheme which aims at admitting students gifted non-academically in areas of sports and arts. However, in recent times, there are debates on whether it is achieving its intended purpose or if it is time to call for a review on the same. Therefore, in this paper, I intend to take the position that there is need to examine the scheme so that it achieves its intended purpose which is to promote students gifted non-academically. Issues and Argument for or against DSA Firstly, the scheme by definition denotes a program put in place in Singapore to select students gifted in sports and arts for top schools which will make it possible for them to realize their full potential (Neihart, Teo, 2013). In this regard, the students may secure a place in the top secondary schools without sitting for academic entry examination. In its current state, the program faces criticism of being diluted by academically gifted students, parents and heads of schools to erode its initial purpose. Several issues surround the current expansion of the scheme. Firstly, the government believes that there is the need for the education system to have a different outlook in the sense that it does not focus only on the academic ability but also other talents like arts and sports. Secondly, some citizen of Singapore claims that allowing application from students gifted academically and those not gifted for the same does not make the scheme serve its initial goal which was to nurture talents that are not academically (Ponnusamy, Gopinathan, 2013). Thus, below are arguments that show why only those with arts and sports talents must pass through the expanded scheme. Firstly, the reason for a further revision is to conform to its initial goal which is to cater for students with art and sports talents. However, over the recent past, and because the avenue does not forbid those gifted academically to pass through, is being used for the academically gifted at the expense of the other group (Christensen, 2015). For instance, the Ministry of Education (MOE) 2012 research indicates that sixty percent of those admitted via the scheme would have done the same based on their academic score, and only forty percent represented students talented in either arts or sports (Tan, 2017). Therefore, it is evident that a program meant to enable one group to interact and use better resources is open to all parties in a competitive way. Thus, the emerging trend based on the research calls for a revision of the scheme to enable only those talented in sports and arts and not the academically gifted ones. Secondly, the existence of Primary School Leaving Examination gives an opportunity for the academically gifted students to prove themselves and join top schools. Therefore, there is no need at all to incorporate them or rather give them a second opportunity to compete in other settings (Jiayi, 2014). Direct School Admission School expanded scheme ought to solely be left for those with arts and sports talents to access top schools which will ultimately enable them to succeed in what they are best at and not academics (Wan, Liu-Loh, Cheng, Khim, Wong, Krishnan, Hwan, 2015). The top schools will, therefore, have students that are gifted in academic, arts and sports. On the other hand, there are arguments on whether the DSA is a back door for students to join top schools. For instance, the minister for Education categorically said that the DSAs aim is not to enable students to get into popular schools which they do not deserve. Thus, as much as it is a good idea to phase out students talented academically in this scheme, those passing through DSA has to undergo thorough interview and auditions. In addition to that, making the scheme to be purely for those with talents in arts and sports bring diversity into top schools (Tan, 2013). It is also emerging that top schools use this system to admit academically gifted students from elite schools. It is for this reason that the ministry ought to review the system to ensure that only non-academic talents apply for the same. On the other hand, it is not prudent to argue that a revision of the scheme must be done to lock out those gifted academically. Firstly, the process of DSA involves interview, auditions, and tests. Therefore, in as much as they possess academic talents, they will also be tested on non-academic talents. Therefore, to a larger extent, revising the scheme to lock them out is a bit illogical. Additionally, a good education system comprises of arts, sports, and academics. Therefore, it is worth noting that students with all these qualities are way too desirable and bring a lot of diversity in a school (Chua, 2016). Lastly, advocating for the interest of one group must not be by suppressing the other. Therefore, there ought not to be any revision to the current DSA scheme to make it purely for nonacademic talent, but rather, one that embraces all groups and selects students based on merits. Conclusion Expanded DSA is a program in Singapore that aims at increasing the intake of students in non-academic talents into top secondary schools. However, issues are emerging from the public as to whether the scheme must involve only those talented non-academically. Some of the arguments supporting the review argue that revising the scheme will make it possible to achieve its initial objective. Additionally, giving room for another party to join the program reduces the diversity for which the program aims to bring into top schools. On the other hand, not accepting an application for students gifted academically through DSA is illogical as they will undergo the same tests to determine their talents in arts and sports. But still, there is need for the scheme to reserve application for students gifted non-academically as the reasons for the same outweigh the other. References Christensen, S. (2015). Healthy competition and unsound comparison: reforming educational competition in Singapore. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 13(4), 553-573. Chua, J. (2016). Dance education in Singapore: Policy, discourse, and practice. Arts Education Policy Review, 1-19. Jiayi, Z. (2014). Debunking the Myth of the Lazy Malays. Mendaki Occasional Paper Series, 1. Neihart, M., Teo, C. T. (2013). Addressing the needs of the gifted in Singapore. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 36(3), 290-306. Ponnusamy, L., Gopinathan, S. (2013). Singapore: Education in transition. Education in South-East Asia, 20, 233.Tan, C. (2017). Private Supplementary Tutoring and Parentocracy in Singapore. Interchange, 1- 15. Tan, J. (2013). Singapore: the Malay Ethnic MinorityPlaying Perennial Catch-up in Education?. Education in South-East Asia, 20, 255. Wan, M. T., Liu-Loh, M., Cheng, W., Khim, M. T. S., Wong, M. M., Krishnan, M., ... Hwan, C. (2015). OUR SCHOOL LEADERS.

Students’ Attitudes Towards Learning English Language free essay sample

This study investigated Libyan secondary school students’ attitudes towards learning English in terms of the behavioral, cognitive and emotional aspects. It also explored whether there is any significant difference in the students’ attitudes towards English language based on their demographic profiles i. . , gender, field and year of study. A total of 180 participants in the three study years from three specializations of Basic Sciences, Life Sciences, and Social Sciences took a questionnaire as a measuring instrument. Regarding the three aspects of attitude i. e. , cognitive, behavioral, and emotional, the participants showed negative attitudes towards learning English. On the demographic profile, there were statistically significant attitudinal differences regarding gender and field of study but not year of study. Based on the research findings, some recommendations are finally presented. Keywords: EFL learner, Attitude, Language learning, Gender, Field of study, Year of study 1. Introduction It is argued that language learning is regarded as the cornerstone of human existence. Knowing the language can help us to express our opinions, hopes, and even our dreams (Tavil, 2009). In foreign Language learning context, there are various factors that influence the learning process such as motivation, attitudes, anxiety, learning achievements, aptitudes, intelligence, age, personalities, etc. Gardner, 1960; Lehmann, 2006, cited in Shams, 2008). The matter of learner’s attitude is acknowledged as one of the most important factors that impact on learning language (Fakeye, 2010). This study looks into the concept of attitude as one of the major affective factors for success in learning a foreign language. More specifically, it investigates Libyan secondary school students’ attitudes towards learning English language, taking into consideration the three aspects of attitude i. e. , emotional, cognitive, and behavioral. Additionally, it attempts to determine the influence of students’ demographic profile i. e. , gender, year and field of study on their attitudes towards learning English. 1. 1 Background of study Kara (2009) stated that attitudes towards learning besides opinions and beliefs have an obvious influence on students’ behaviors and consequently on their performance. It is argued that those students who possess positive beliefs about language learning have a tendency to increase more positive attitudes towards language learning. Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 119 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 8, No. 2; February 2012 Conversely, negative beliefs may lead to class anxiety, low cognitive achievement, and negative attitudes (Victori Lockhart, 1995). According to Alhmali (2007), the purpose of education in Libya is to obtain high grades and pass the exams. Creativity and understanding the nature of students and their needs are not taken into account. The EFL teachers’ role is basically to transmit information to their students effectively. There exists little knowledge about the best strategies to develop the students not just cognitively but also behaviorally and emotionally. In 2000, the new English curriculum â€Å"English for Libya† was implemented. This curriculum represents an outstanding change, compared to the previous one. Textbooks are based on the communicative approach. â€Å"The curriculum recommends that English to be used as much as possible by the teachers and students in the classroom. † (Orafi Borg, 2009). Yet, the new curriculum is not applied as planned mainly because of the obvious differences between the main standards of these books and teachers’ beliefs. Meanwhile, the controversial concern is why some EFL students attain higher grades in English language exams than others who are under the same conditions and situations. The concern on the learners’ attitudes towards the target language was emphasized by Gardner (1985). He stated that the learners’ attitudes towards learning another language play a key role in enhancing and motivating them to learn that language. This, in turn, affects on their performance, too. 1. 2 Research Questions and Hypotheses The research seeks to answer the following questions: 1- What are the attitudes of Libyan secondary school students towards learning English language in terms of their behavioral, cognitive and emotional aspects? 2- Is there any statistically significant difference in Libyan secondary school students’ attitudes towards learning English language by gender? 3 Is there any a statistically significant difference in Libyan secondary school students’ attitudes towards learning English language by the field of study? Is there any a statistically significant difference in Libyan secondary school students’ attitudes towards learning English language by the year of study? Hence, the addressed hypotheses are: H01: There is not a statistically significant difference in Libyan secondary school students’ attitudes towards learning English language by gender. H02: There is not a statistically significant difference in Libyan secondary school students’ attitudes towards learning English language by the field of study. H03: There is not a statistically significant difference in Libyan secondary school students’ attitudes towards learning English language by the year of study. 2. Literature Review As attitude is one of the key predominant factors for success in language learning, numerous studies have already been conducted in the field of language attitude (Alhmali, 2007; Ghazali et al. , 2009). In addition, Saidat (2010) mentions that language attitude research has been considered in the previous 50 years because of the growing relation between the importance of the language use and the nature of individuals. However, the information concerning the language attitudes of Arab students, especially the Libyan students is not sufficient. For that reason, this study investigates the attitudes of EFL learners towards English language at secondary schools in Libya. 2. 1 Definitions of Attitude Researchers in the fields of psychology and education, especially language learning, consider several definitions of attitude which mention different meanings from different contexts and perspectives (Alhmali, 2007). Based on the theory of planned behavior, Montano and Kasprzyk (2008, p. 1) state, â€Å"Attitude is determined by the individual’s beliefs about outcomes or attributes of performing the behavior (behavioral beliefs), weighted by evaluations of those outcomes or attributes. Thus, a person who holds strong beliefs that positively valued outcomes will result from performing the behavior will have a positive attitude toward the behavior. Conversely, a person who holds strong beliefs that negatively valued outcomes will result from the behavior will have a negative attitude. † 120 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. , No. 2; February 2012 Gardner (1985) also points out that attitude is an evaluative reaction to some referent or attitude object, inferred on the basis of the individual’s beliefs or opinions about the referent. â€Å"Attitude is thus linked to a person’s values and beliefs and promotes or discourages the choices made in all realms of activity, whether academic or informal. † Gardner’s argument led Wenden (1991) to present a comprehensive definition of the attitude concept. He classified the term â€Å"attitude† into three interrelated components namely, cognit ive, affective and behavioral. The cognitive component involves the beliefs, thoughts or viewpoints about the object of the attitude. The affective component refers to the individual’s feelings and emotions towards an object, whether he/she likes or dislikes. The behavioral component involves the tendency to adopt particular learning behaviors. 2. 2 Importance of Attitude Reid (2003, p. 33) declared, â€Å"Attitudes are important to us because they cannot be neatly separated from study. † Attitude is considered as an essential factor influencing language performance (Visser, 2008). Achievement in a target language relies not only on intellectual capacity, but also on the learner’s attitudes towards language learning. This means that learning language should be approached primarily as a social and psychological phenomenon rather than as a purely academic one. Kiptui and Mbugua (2009, cited in Tella et al, 2010) investigated that negative attitude towards English is the most affective and psychological factor that results in the students’ poor performance in English among the secondary schools in Kenya. . 3 Language Attitude Besides the intellectual perspective, the nature of language learning has psychological and social aspects and depends primarily on the learners’ motivation and attitude to learn the target language (Padwick, 2010). Gardner and Lambert (1972) have concluded that the ability of the students to master a second language is not only influenced by the mental competence or, language skills, but also on the students’ atti tudes and perceptions towards the target language. They also advocated that attitude concept could enhance the process of language learning, influencing the nature of student’s behaviors and beliefs towards the other language, its culture and community, and this will identify their tendency to acquire that language. In 1992, Baker proposed a comprehensive theoretical model, focusing on the importance of conducting attitudinal research in the field of language learning. Baker (1992, p. 9) states that, â€Å"In the life of a language, attitudes to that language appear to be important in language restoration, preservation, decay or death. Recently, De Bot et al. (2005) assert that language teachers, researchers and students should acknowledge that high motivation and positive attitude of students facilitate second language learning. Thus, if a learner does not have the interest and tendency in acquiring the target language to communicate with others, this learner will possess a negative attitude and will not be motivated and enthusiastic in language learning. Therefore, learners’ attitudes could incorporate in language learning because it may influence their performance in acquiring the target language. . 4 Aspects of Language Attitude Learning process is regarded as a positive change in the individual’s personality in terms of the emotional, psychomotor (behavioral) as well as cognitive domains, since when one has learned a specific subject, he/she is supposed to think and behave in a different manner and one’s beliefs have been distinguished (Kara, 2009). Furthermore, learning process has social as well as psychological aspects besides the cognitive approach. Attitude concept can be viewed from these three dimensions. Each one of these dimensions has different features to bring out language attitude results. Accordingly, the attitude concept has three components i. e. , behavioral, cognitive and affective. These three attitudinal aspects are based on the three theoretical approaches of behaviorism, cognitivism and humanism respectively. In the following, the three aspects of attitude concept i. e. , behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects are briefly described. 2. 4. 1 Behavioral Aspect of Attitude The behavioral aspect of attitude deals with the way one behaves and reacts in particular situations. In fact, the successful language learning enhances the learners to identify themselves with the native speakers of that language and acquire or adopt various aspects of behaviors which characterize the members of the target language community. Kara (2009) stated that, â€Å"Positive attitudes lead to the exhibition of positive behaviors toward courses of study, with participants absorbing themselves in courses and striving to learn more. Such students are also observed to be more eager to solve problems, to acquire the information and skills useful for daily life and to engage themselves emotionally.

Writing An Essay About Love

Writing An Essay About LoveHow to write an essay about love is a question that most of us often ask and it is a difficult one to answer. The assignment of writing a love essay comes with a lot of responsibilities, for example the essay must be unique and one should think in all aspects of the subject, not only the aspects that concern the person writing the essay. Before you take up this assignment, you must have some understanding about love and how it develops and the various aspects that the subject may have.An essay sample about love will mainly consist of five parts, each one of which is of utmost importance, since they are the cornerstones of the whole project. You should take care to stick to these rules, otherwise you may end up getting frustrated and give up. This article will give you the basic outline of each part and this will help you start with a thorough understanding of the topic and form a clear picture of what needs to be written.The first part of the essay is the i ntroduction, which will give the reader an idea about the main idea of the piece and introduce the different areas that need to be explored. You need to ensure that the main idea is the one that everyone will be focusing on. If the main idea is too vague or general then it is bound to cause confusion. Some readers may not be able to relate to what you have written and they will certainly make some negative comments on your topic. For this reason it is important to choose your subject matter carefully.Next you will want to cover three of the three sections. These are the first section which is the Introduction, the second is the Objectives and the third is the Conclusion. These three sections provide the substance of the essay and they are the ones that should be examined in order to get a good understanding of the theme.The second part of the essay will be the discussion of the main focus of the topic. The problem is that there are so many ways to approach this. You can use an essay that is a personal essay, a research essay or a historical essay. It is always good to have a goal in mind when writing such essays.Another way to approach the topic is to bring together different viewpoints and present them in a clear manner. A personal essay does not necessarily have to be related to the writer and the focus of the essay will be purely personal. When writing a research essay the author will not be necessarily writing about their own experiences, but they will be referring to books and other sources to get an understanding of the topic.The final part of the essay will be the conclusion. Here you should examine the course of events in the life of the two people in question and the conclusions that you draw about the topic will be relevant to the final goal. Another interesting thing to do is to discuss the various interpretations that may be available to people who read the material. When writing about love, the theme should be interpreted in a number of different ways, sometimes a statement may be very obvious and other times the interpretation is unclear.In conclusion the essay should be interesting and should not be boring, it is also important to ensure that you write the essay with care. After all the reader wants to read something interesting and they do not appreciate being made to sit through a tedious piece of work.

Oliver Essays - English-language Films, British Films,

Oliver Twist And Anti Semism Charles Dickens being anti-Semitic when portraying the character Fagin as "the Jew", in his classic story Oliver Twist, or was he merely painting an accurate portrait of the 19th Century Jew in England? Some critics seem to believe so. Though there are no indications of neither anti-Semitic nor racist slurs throughout the story, Dickens' image turned out to follow the path of his time and place in history. The result is an enlightened picture of Victorian England's image of the Jew. The attitude towards Jews and Jewishness in 19th Century England demonstrates that Dickens was a man of his time. His attitude reflected the common British belief that Jews were villainous thieves. Fagin, a thief, is described by Dickens as "a very old shriveled Jew, whose villainous and repulsive face was obscured by a quantity of matted red hair"(Dickens 87). This common depiction of the Jew was accompanied by the stereotype that they had big noses and lured orphaned children into their filthy dens and turned them into derelicts. He was a thief because he did not have any skills, nor was he welcome anywhere. On the other hand, to describe Fagin in any other light would have to give the impression that Jews just might be humans after all. In reading this story, I discovered Fagin to be somewhat likeable and misunderstood. Though revolting to look at, having a repulsive disposition, and having manners and hygiene left to be desired I could not help but to feel sorry for the old guy. All he wanted to have was security in his old age. For example, when Fagin sees Oliver looking at him while admiring his treasures, Fagin asks the boy if he had seen any of his pretty things. Oliver tells him that he did. "Ah!" said the Jew, turning rather pale. "They- are mine, Oliver; my little property. All I have to live upon, in my old age. The folks call me a miser, my dear. Only a miser, that's all" (Dickens 1961: 91). I also found Fagin to be very charming in instances, almost likeable and having some redeeming qualities. Another example of Fagin's humanity is seen in the way he treats Oliver. Although Oliver plays a totally utilitarian role to Fagin, he becomes protective of him, even though the motives are purely selfish. When not being watched, Fagin has great self-control, even under duress. He is always cautioning Sikes against violence. There are some signs that Fagin still has a shade of humanity left in his perverted character. Several times throughout the story he exhibits some kindness towards Oliver. He checks his motives before he acts. Though the reader is still at bay with his actions, he still seems to have some sort of a conscience. It could be argued that Fagin and Oliver are somewhat similar. Though the reader does not see this at first, more in depth reading reveals that Oliver and Fagin mirror each other in who and what they are. Oliver, a boy without a home, Fagin, "The Jew", without a country. Fagin, in fact, is not seen as an Englishman. He is Jewish, which is a race all its own. Fagin is the outsider, unlike Oliver. His Jewishness places him at even more a disadvantage than Oliver's orphaned status. Both characters echo each other in asking for more; they are placed in oppositions so that for Oliver to claim his rightful place in society, Fagin must die. Dickens' stereotypical association of Fagin with a class of criminal perceived by him as almost invariably Jewish is based on a particular awareness of the commonly accepted wicked practices of this kind of Jew. Dickens' stereotypical association of Fagin with a class of criminal perceived by him as almost invariably Jewish is based on a particular awareness of the commonly accepted wicked practices of this kind of Jew. In Dickens and his Jewish Characters, Dickens answers a letter from a Jewess woman who wrote him concerned with the fact that Dickens may be in fact an anti-Semitic and wanted to allow Dickens to reply as to why the characterization of Fagin. His response was that "Fagin in Oliver Twist is a Jew because it unfortunately was true, of the time to which that story refers, that the class of criminal almost invariably was a Jew" (Dickens 1918:9). Critical reviews have been inclined to argue that Fagin is only a Jew in no more than name. "His main claim to Jewishness", contends critic Harry Stone, "is the fact that

Haunted House

Haunted House Free Online Research Papers Generations of superstition have bred the thought that there exists a house inhabited by more than mere mortal flesh – one that possesses spirits of sorts, an unseen force capable of imposing independent will upon human dwellers. Such spirits, as they tend to develop over years, are sagging faces of previous tenants, whose dolourific lives are absorbed into the heart of the very home that bore them. The ghastly umbrae emerge with the sole desire to establish reigning presence over the psyche of the living. They are but a malicious stagecoach driver who holds both bullwhip and blunderbuss to unwittingly subservient horses, horses that know no other treatment. It follows, therefore, that an atmosphere depends on the collective mind of living residents, who are affected by and in turn contribute to this harrowingly irrevocable cycle. But ho! Maintain sanity, for such a place exists only as the setting in a mystic’s tale. Such a setting is imagined, such a place I ha ve known. From a distance a weary traveler reveled in its magnificence. So prudently was this house perched atop a lonely hill. It seemed awkwardly massive, an oversized chapeau atop a wispy haired nobleman. In the hour ‘twixt dusk and twilight, the sun’s sheltered rays gleamed against delirious windowpanes. Heavenly colors reflected off this make shift prism smelled of watermelon seeds and bumblebee trees. Again a wisp of air warned him, yet childlike hunger defied his intellect and drew him nearer primordial needs before the safety of his soul. How cynical of this house, to be so perniciously inviting to the ignorant traveler. He continued on, answering the silent beckon with uncertain footing. A single ring from a distant campanile tore through placid air as a jagged edge does water. His initial step ascending the forbidden knoll was met with another toll of the bell. Trees that lined his path turned away, pitying this unknown traveler, doubtful of his return. He drew closer with each chilling chime, salt on broken skin. A murder of crows sped from the treetops and squawked at the man. With the seventh consternating reverberation, the glowing orb and dismal sky disappeared into the shadow of night. The man wearily approached the morose structure, as its sagging frame conformed to trails of calming air. Raspy winds were of eerie comfort to his skin, like a fine silk garment on a cold day. From somewhere in the darkness, a nightingale sang her tune directly to, and only for the man. There was something so sweet in her eye, and it did him so much good. His boots left no mark on the wooden porch already trodden black as he swept toward the door. Whitewashed wooden siding emanated bright resounding hope if only for a moment, as an ember plumes, struggling to survive before extinguishing completely. He trod on, up bending steps to the chipped oaken door. He grasped the brass knocker with his whole palm and swung it in one great motion, slamming it against its brass-plated counterpart. With that came such a reverberation as to shake the foundation on which he stood. He dared to knock at the door of Avernus, and would so face the riddle of judgment. The ominous silence whispered to him, then could be heard no more. The earth violently quaked, parting the warped flats of the porch. Effusing sulfurous vapors patiently considered mercy, yet the fates had conspired against his plea. On the rupturing boards he remained, mortified, as molten hell-rock spewed from the depths of his new Tartarean home. Horror that could sear marble inspired him to flee fast from that detestable place, but stone replaced flesh – Mercury would have no power or means but to guide him forward. As he began to accept this fate, fear was slowly iced away. Spirit had been held and weighed in the hands of destiny and mercilessly taken from him. Bitter flame ensued as he took his place among the shadows of what was once his home. Research Papers on Haunted HouseThe Spring and AutumnWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Hockey GameLifes What IfsTwilight of the UAWThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and CanadaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Business Plan for a Startup Business Research Proposal

Business Plan for a Startup Business - Research Proposal Example Planning facilitates him to identify problems that require outside sources of information and help. The nature of markets and customer needs alter rapidly. Planning cannot forecast alteration but it helps an individual to identify it and map his business policy accordingly. Small businesses tend to either cultivate too rapidly for their capital base or too sluggishly to sustain cash flow. Planned growth facilitates him to plan his capital requirements in advance and to guarantee that funds are accessible when one needs them. A detailed Business Plan allows one to scrutinize his results against a prearranged set of objectives and performance principles (Business Planning, n.d.; Business Plan for a Startup Business, n.d.). The rationale behind forming a business plan is that one can expect problems that are likely to take place and decide how they should be dealt with in advance. For instance, a lot of small business proprietors spend so much time ‘putting out the fires’. A business plan often helps an individual to justify his deeds. Often, one chooses to do something because it ‘sounds’ or ‘feels’ right. Preparing a Business Plan compels one to confirm the validity, or at least consider the logic behind one’s plans. Business proposal implies one’s capability and commitment. It is a remarkable document if it is well prepared. It helps us to convince the outsiders, for example, lenders and suppliers that one comprehends the business. It is a long-standing management tool by which decisions can be taken for the future that best suit the intentions of the business. The business proposal helps in scrutinizing and assessing the new business opportunities , proposes a case for finance, and portrays a lucid picture of the business and its prospect.

Incident Management Team #7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Incident Management Team #7 - Essay Example Nature of the incident and the different types of skill sets of the employees determine the members of an incident management team. The line officer is responsible for analysing the nature of the fire incident and to formulate suitable teams to tackle it. He must decide in which category the incident comes and what are the immediate priorities of the teams formed. The line officer must make the team members aware of the nature of the incident and he must provide a brief about the main objectives and immediate objectives of the team in action at the incident place. For example, if the fire causes threat to the life of the people, then the team’s immediate objectives must be to save the life of the people. Incident Management starts as the smallest unit and then changes the structure of the unit according to the complexity of the emergency. Team development is an important part in the management of a fire incident. The members of an IMT (Incident Management Team) should work as a team, and learn the knowledge and skills needed to perform effectively in stressful, dynamic conditions. â€Å"Team decision-making is a critical aspect of effective IMTs, and this skill must be developed by the team as a whole in an exercise/activity environment so that it can be applied appropriately during an emergency† (Incident Management Team Development) In an incident management team, there will be command staffs and general staffs. The type of the incident determines the whether to allocate different positions to the staff or not. The incident management teams are designed to tackle fire and safety related problems. The preliminary aim of the IMT’s is to protect the life and property of the public from the dangers caused by fire like safety issues. As a fire fighter I have to obey the commands from my superiors in saving the life

Forgive Me Mother Essay Example for Free

Forgive Me Mother Essay Its strange how memories of the past can be so terrifying. The thoughts and the occurring dreams are always similar. I would remember longing for a summer where the summers light would beam on my body with the warmth of the sun. Winter was worse because I was terrified by the cold thick air that I would inhale inside my thin body until it feels I was shivering to death. The feeling of being alone , I couldn’t even sleep at night without being terrified; not because of being alone , but knowing my life would dwell with no hope for me for the future. I would see paranormal faces of my father. The haunting face would stare at me with such gentle eyes , yet sad. It’s like he was watching over me. Years ago when I had a family, loving yet annoyingly humorous in a family sense that I miss. We were having dinner with the family with just me , my mother and father. My mother was preparing the food and my father was coming home from work. However he never came back and my mother was worried and panicked. I was still too naà ¯ve to understand the situation fully back then. Hell I don’t even know how old I am anymore since I’ve lost track of time. I cried at first because my mother was always the strong type in the family. It was the first time I’ve seen her cry and the emotions inside of me wanted me to cry with her. He never came back and the authority’s told us he went missing. He was the provider of the family and we were financially unstable. My mother had to look for work , so she left to the city. She told me she would call me when she would be back. Once she left , the people who collects debt knocked on my door and seized the house. I had no place to go and so I left to find shelter and food. I got hired a job in a local newspaper agency to hand out flyers to neighbour streets. It was so cold but I never gave up hoping my mother would come back and take care of me. She couldn’t take me with her because she could only afford enough for herself to travel. We lived in a small town surrounded by snow somewhere in the upper regions of South Korea. One day while I was sleeping in the corner of the streets. A man walked pass with a white hat and apron with a grin on his cheeks. He looked at me for a couple of minutes. I was scared so I didn’t look back at him out of fear. I hear footsteps coming towards me and I was about to run. He asked â€Å"Why are you out in the streets alone at your age? , How old are you?†. I replied in a low voice ‘I don’t know†. He had a strange look on his face and asked me where my guardians was. I replied to him that I don’t know either. He asked me more questions which I all replied â€Å"I Don’t know†. I looked up and saw his face. He was a old man with a beard and had a stick on him which looked like it was supporting him move. It was a silent cold night and I’m not sure why he would be walking around at this time. He asked if I would like to work at his restaurant with cleaning and get paid for it. With nothing to lose I gladly accepted his offer. He took me to his place , it didn’t seem what he said it was. The restaurant looked like a dump and I only saw girls on the front door outside of the restaurant wearing what looked like beach clothing in cold weather. I was suspicious but I had nowhere to go and I didn’t know the way back from here. I followed the old man and he took me into a small room with 10 other children. At first I thought he was taking care of us until there was only girls in the room coming in and out one by one with a man. This isn’t a restaurant I suspected. I was disgusted and tried to leave but they didn’t let me leave. Pushing and crying to get out. They pulled me back , held both my hands and chucked me into a room by myself and locked the doors. Suddenly someone said *Calm down or they will punish you*. I stoped and looked for the source of the sound. The room had a little vent which leads to the other rooms. I whispered to the girl â€Å"What is this place† in a panicking voice. She told me it was a brothel where everyone gets kidnapped and rape for money by strangers. I asked her I was a male, â€Å"what do they want from me?† She told me she doesn’t know either. I didn’t want to find out , my life was already crumbling and now this. There was a medicine cabinet inside the room. I searched inside and found sleeping pills , I remember taking these when I lived with my parents. I could never sleep so the doctor prescribed me sleeping pills. I tried to sleep but I couldn’t out of the fear what was going to happen to me. I suggested to myself I should take these pills and ease things. I took the bottle of medicine from the cabinet. One wasn’t enough for me so I thought. I took more and more until I was feeling dizzy. I counted how many times and how much I’ve taken. But I lost count and started again. I needed more and I needed my peaceful slumber. I was scared to think what was going to happen and kept taking more and more pills until I could feel the bottom of the container. My body begins to weaken and I could no longer feel my fingers. My eyelids begin to shutdown. Soon darkness was all I could see , I felt a hollowing in a room with darkness and suspended in time. Forgive me mother I love you.

The Catholic Church: A Cult In Mainstream Society Essay -- essays rese

When one hears of a cult, one thinks of organizations such as the Church of Scientology, the Jehovah’s Witnesses, and small fanatical groups such as the Assembly of God. According to Robert J. Lofton, author of Letters to an Elder, there are two kinds of cults; those that use mind-control, and those that do not. Lofton describes eight characteristics of destructive mind-control cults, saying, â€Å"If any group exercises all eight of these control elements, they are, in fact a destructive mind control cult†. Lofton’s characteristics are ‘Environmental Control’, ‘Mystical Manipulation’, ‘Demand for Purity’, ‘Cult of Confession’, ‘Sacred Science’, ‘Loading the Language’, ‘Doctrine over Person’, and ‘Dispensing of Existence’. These eight characteristics are found not only in the organizations mentioned earlier, but also in more mainstream organizations. The Roman Catholic Church exhibits all eight characteristics very strongly, making it fit the profile of a destructive mind-control cult. Lofton’s first characteristic, ‘Environmental Control’, refers to the manner in which the cult keeps its members from becoming disillusioned about the cult though outside sources or ex-members. Members â€Å"can be physically separated from society or they can be warned to stay away from media that might provoke critical thinking.† In 1934, the Catholic Church formed â€Å"The Legion of Decency†¦to combat immoral movies†. The Legion of Decency rated movies, periodicals, and other such materials and set the standard for Catholics across the world. The Legion condemned such movies as â€Å"Jesus Christ† for blasphemy and heresy, as well as recommending against many other movies of questionable nature. The Legion controlled the environment of Catholics and isolated them from media that was critical of the Church or was deemed inappropriate for viewing by Catholics. The second characteristic of destructive mind-control cults is ‘Mystical Manipulation’. â€Å"Leaders [of the cult] become mediators for God†¦ the cult and its beliefs become the only true path to salvation†. By providing the only way for members to reach salvation, the cult becomes a necessary and inescapable part of the member’s life. In the Catholic Church, the Pope is said to be in contact with God, and to have a greater measure of communication with him than the other members of the Church. On a local level, each priest is the congregati... ...he American Religious Scene. Doubleday: New York, 1971 Karson, Jill. Cults. Greenhaven Press: CA, 2000. Kavanaugh, Father James. A Modern Priest Looks at His Outdated Church. Trident: New York, 1967. Kephart, Rick. A Brief History of the Legion of Decency. 4 Nov 2000 . McCabe, Joseph. â€Å"Catholics The Most Priest-Ridden Of All People.† The Tyranny of the Clerical Gestapo. 4 Nov. 2000. . Miller, MaryAnn. Coping With Cults. Rosen Publishing Group: New York, 1990. Noll, Richard. When Catholics Die: Eternal Life or Eternal Damnation? The Olive Press: SC, 1999. O’Neill, James M. Catholicism and American Freedom. Harper: New York, 1952. â€Å"Science and the Church.† New Advend Catholic Encyclopedia. 4 Nov. 2000 . Shields, Currin. Democracy and Catholicism in America. McGraw-Hill: New York, 1958. Sikorski, R. J. Letters to an Elder. 4 Nov. 2000 . Wells, H.G. Crux Ansata: An indictment of the Roman Catholic Church. American Atheist Press: TX, 1981.